Compare British Indian Ocean Territory (2007) - Niue (2003)

Compare British Indian Ocean Territory (2007) z Niue (2003)

	British Indian Ocean Territory (2007)	Niue (2003)

Administrative divisions	-	none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order
Age structure	-	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle
Airports	1 (2007)	1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2007)	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 54,400 sq km land: 60 sq km; Diego Garcia 44 sq km water: 54,340 sq km note: includes the entire Chagos Archipelago of 55 islands	total: 260 sq km land: 260 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	land area is about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Established as a territory of the UK in 1965, a number of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) islands were transferred to the Seychelles when it attained independence in 1976. Subsequently, BIOT has consisted only of the six main island groups comprising the Chagos Archipelago. The largest and most southerly of the islands, Diego Garcia, contains a joint UK-US naval support facility. All of the remaining islands are uninhabited. Former agricultural workers, earlier residents in the islands, were relocated primarily to Mauritius but also to the Seychelles, between 1967 and 1973. In 2000, a British High Court ruling invalidated the local immigration order that had excluded them from the archipelago, but upheld the special military status of Diego Garcia.	Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2002), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest.
Birth rate	-	NA births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Capital	-	Alofi
Climate	tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds	tropical; modified by southeast trade winds
Coastline	698 km	64 km
Constitution	-	19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)
Country name	conventional long form: British Indian Ocean Territory conventional short form: none abbreviation: BIOT	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Niue former: Savage Island
Currency	-	New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Death rate	-	NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	-	$418,000 (2002 est.)
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK; administered by a commissioner, resident in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London	self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)
Disputes - international	Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago including Diego Garcia; in 2001, the former inhabitants of the Chagos Archipelago, evicted in 1967 and 1973 and now residing chiefly in Mauritius, were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation; in May 2006, the High Court of London reversed U.K. Government's 2004 orders of council that banned habitation on the islands; a small group of Chagossians visited Diego Garcia in April 2006; repatriation is complicated by the exclusive US military lease of Diego Garcia that restricts access to the largest viable island in the chain	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	$2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)
Economy - overview	All economic activity is concentrated on the largest island of Diego Garcia, where a joint UK-US military facility is located. Construction projects and various services needed to support the military installation are performed by military and contract employees from the UK, Mauritius, the Philippines, and the US. There are no industrial or agricultural activities on the islands. When the native Ilois return, they plan to reestablish sugarcane production and fishing. The territory makes money by selling fishing licenses and postage stamps.	The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about $2.6 million.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	2.79 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by the US military	3 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Diego Garcia 15 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m
Environment - current issues	NA	increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups	-	Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans)
Exchange rates	-	New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.162 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Commissioner Leigh TURNER (since July 2006); Administrator Tony HUMPHRIES (since February 2005); note - both reside in the UK and are represented by the officer commanding British Forces on Diego Garcia cabinet: NA elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; commissioner and administrator appointed by the monarch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000) head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002) cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005) election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI) 30%
Exports	-	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	-	canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts
Exports - partners	-	NZ mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2000)
Fiscal year	-	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	white with six blue wavy horizontal stripes; the flag of the UK is in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the striped section bears a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag	yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: 55%
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	-0.3% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates	6 00 S, 71 30 E; note - Diego Garcia 7 20 S, 72 25 E	19 02 S, 169 52 W
Geography - note	archipelago of 55 islands; Diego Garcia, largest and southernmost island, occupies strategic location in central Indian Ocean; island is site of joint US-UK military facility	one of world's largest coral islands
Highways	-	total: 234 km paved: 86 km unpaved: 148 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	-	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	-	food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs
Imports - partners	-	NZ mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000)
Independence	-	on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Industries	-	tourism, handicrafts, food processing
Infant mortality rate	-	total: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	1% (1995)
International organization participation	-	ACP, ESCAP (associate), FAO, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	0 sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue
Labor force	-	NA
Labor force - by occupation	-	most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)	arable land: 19.23% permanent crops: 7.69% other: 73.08% (1998 est.)
Languages	-	Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English
Legal system	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply	English common law note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws
Legislative branch	-	unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives) elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held in March 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years (2003 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: NA total population: 95% male: NA% female: NA%
Location	archipelago in the Indian Ocean, south of India, about one-half the way from Africa to Indonesia	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga
Map references	Political Map of the World	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016	defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
Military branches	-	no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force
National holiday	-	Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Nationality	-	noun: Niuean(s) adjective: Niuean
Natural hazards	NA	typhoons
Natural resources	coconuts, fish, sugarcane	fish, arable land
Net migration rate	-	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	no indigenous inhabitants note: approximately 1,200 former agricultural workers resident in the Chagos Archipelago, often referred to as Chagossians or Ilois, were relocated to Mauritius and the Seychelles in the 1960s and 1970s; in November 2000 they were granted the right of return by a British High Court ruling, though no timetable has been set; in November 2004, there were approximately 4,000 UK and US military personnel and civilian contractors living on the island of Diego Garcia	2,145 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA%
Population growth rate	-	0.01% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways	-	0 km
Religions	-	Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist)
Sex ratio	-	NA (2003 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: separate facilities for military and public needs are available domestic: all commercial telephone services are available, including connection to the Internet international: country code (Diego Garcia) - 246; international telephone service is carried by satellite (2000)	domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island international: NA
Telephones - main lines in use	NA	376 (1991)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	0 (1991)
Television broadcast stations	1 (1997)	1 (1997)
Terrain	flat and low (most areas do not exceed two meters in elevation)	steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau
Total fertility rate	-	NA children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	NA%
Waterways	-	none

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